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Gandhi's determination to send the British, India's colonial rulers, packing brought about India's independence in 1947. Gandhi, who is lovingly called Mahatma ('Great Soul') or Bapu ('Father') by his followers, advocated non-violent resistance to British rule, and became an icon of pacifists everywhere. His assassination in 1948 by Hindu nationalist Nathuram Godse sent shock waves around the world and laid the foundation for much of the internecine troubles of that sub-continental country. Nehru was a colleague of Gandhi and succeeded him as leader of the Congress Party. He died of a heart attack in 1964. Stephen Biko was a non-violent anti-Apartheid activist in South Africa. He was one of the organizers of the Soweto protests, which unfortunately got out of control and devolved into the Soweto Riots. Following the riots, Biko came under even closer police scrutiny, and died in prison in 1977. The authorities claimed his death was the result of a hunger strike, which doesn't explain the massive head injuries Biko suffered just before his death. Police brutality, anyone? Tom Mboya was a Minister in the government of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's first President after independence from Britain. Mboya was poised to become the next President of Kenya when he was gunned down in 1960. His assassin was executed, but there was widespread belief that the man who pulled the trigger was a catspaw for Kenyatta's powerful relatives and friends, who surmised that Mboya's presidency would put an end to their prestige and power.
